When Was Eureka Springs Listed On The National Register Of Historic Places?
The History of Eureka Springs, Arkansas
The Eureka Springs Historic Commune was listed on the National Annals of Celebrated Places on Dec eighteen, 1970. Information technology was one of the earliest National Annals districts listed in Arkansas and enumeration and documentation of the backdrop was not completed. At the time the Eureka Springs Historic District was listed on the National Register, the boundaries of the commune were those of the city limits. Although since
f 970 the urban center limits has expanded a number of times, the boundaries of the district remain the aforementioned as when originally listed in 1970.
This nomination of the Eureka Springs Celebrated District is based on a comprehensive architecturn1 survey conducted over a 3-year period that documented and cataloged each structure in the boundaries of the National Register commune. In order to determine the range and quality of extant architectural resources each property has been reviewed by the Arkansas Celebrated Preservation Programme to determine integrity. The high ratio of non-contributing properties in the district reflects, in large function, construction later 1955. Since the Eureka Springs Celebrated District was listed on the National Register in 1970, another 1 63 buildings have been constructed, significantly calculation to the number of buildings that do not contribute to the district. Although 491 or 51 % of the total number of properties in the district have been determined contributing, the core of the district retains its high ratio of contributing historic properties and it is from this surface area that the significance of the Eureka Springs Historic District is derived.
Summary
The Eureka Springs Historic District is located in the boundaries of the city at the time the commune was originally listed on the National Annals of Historic Places in 1970. There are 967 properties in the district of which 49 ane (five one %) contribute to the historic significance. The majority of properties in the district are residential, with 101 commercial buildings, five public buiIdings, twelve churches and fifteen natural springs. The district contains 596 buildings constructed before 1955 of which 72% were built prior to 191 0. The overwhelming character of the buildings is derived from the Victorian era. Highly stylized versions of more than than xx different architectural influences are seen in the historic district. Natural elements are a significant part of the uniqueness of the Eureka Springs Celebrated Commune where houses and buildings are scattered over mountaintops, clinging to mountainsides, or nestling in the gorges of the city, each constructed uniquely to adapt to its terrain.
I – Elaboration
The Eureka Springs Historic District is located in a small town in the Ozark Mountains of Northwest Arkansas. The commune contains a collection of Victorian era buildings and homes, congenital on steep hillsides with many unusual adaptations to the terrain. The district includes 967 buildings and houses scattered Eureka Springs Celebrated District throughout the approximate 2 square mile area of steep mountains and deep ravines. The majority of properties less than fifty years old ate located along U.South. Highway 62 which runs along the meridian of the mountain on the s side of she urban center. Of the commune" 967 properties, 45% were constructed during the top of the city's popularity 1880-1920, Almost 200 buildings were constructed in the I 890s alone, and reflect potent characteristics of the Queen Anne mode in varying manners. Although not within the menstruum of significance, the 1 sixteen buildings in the district that were synthetic in the 1960s represent the second period of pregnant growth in the metropolis based on a new wave of tourists seeking outdoor recreational activities on nearby Me Beaver. Throughout the history of the city, visitors to Eureka Springs take been attracted to the quaint and unusual Victorian era buildings synthetic on extreme steep hillsides along winding streets.
Eureka Springs was founded around and because of the natural springs located throughout the expanse. Early visitors who came seeking the healing pourers of the natural jump waters in the 1830s camped around the springs in tents and wagons or other makeshift shelters. By 1879 when the city was formed, rough wood buildings were synthetic, taking the place of tents.
By 1881 when the population of Eureka Springs had grown to 5,000 an article written about the city described, . . ."Everywhere that a homo dwelling house could be constructed, houses of every description, tents and shelters, sprang upward all over the mount tops, hanging by corners on steep hillsides, perched upon jutting borders, spanning the gulches, or nestling under crags and in grottoes. It is a most peculiar looking place, presenting aa apparent disregard to anything like lodge and regularity or arrangement, with its two-story
streets, its winding thoroughfares and circular pathway."
Fire, floods and other natural forces contributed to the demise of most all of the metropolis's primeval buildings. By the 1880s, new and substantial structures were existence built and by the height of the metropolis'south popularity every bit a Victorian health resort during the 1890s the permanent character of the urban center was established. The Eureka Springs Historic Commune conveys a strong sense of fourth dimension and identify as a Victorian Resort. The commune contains
examples of popular architectural styles, typical of late l9th and early 20'~ century American building design.
Congenital forth steep mountainsides and in deep ravines, the structures of Eureka Springs nowadays a unique adaptation of building in cohesion with an farthermost natural mural.
Eureka Springs lies in the extremely broken mcl irregular mountains midway between Northwest Arkansas' Boston and Ozark Mountain ranges. Located 1,700 feet higher up bounding main level, the climate of Eureka Springs is considered mild in wintertime and pleasant in summer. Nine miles from the Missouri state line, Eureka Springs is situated on the headwaters of Leatherwood Creek, a tributary of the White River. Nearby, the Kings River has proved to be an of import part of the region'southward development due to periodic flooding which most
isolated the western part of Carroll County from its canton seat to the eastward of the river.
Establishment of a Eureka Springs Historic District Western district courthouse for Carroll County in Eureka Springs was a straight result of the affect of the Kings River.
Many references to the rugged terrain of Eureka Springs has been fabricated though nicknames such as "The Boondocks That Climbs The Mountain", "America" Little Switzerland", and 'The Stairstep Town" as buildings and houses in the Eureka Springs Celebrated District are stacked one behind he other, on xx steep hills divided by 19 ravines. The original plat of the city laid out 238 streets and avenues, although a few of them were never opened. Streets were laid out post-obit old paths of the Indians and animals, which had followed the way of least resistance to the old Indian Healing Leap. The buildings that contain the Eureka Springs Historic District are located on over 100 winding streets in varying shapes similar "Ss", "Vs", and "os'"."
The expanse is lush with vegetation along its steep hillsides and deep ravines. Natural limestone abounds that has been crafted into circumvolve 8s infrastructure of the city on its streets, sidewalks and walls. Lx-three springs that were the basis for the establishment of the urban center emerge from the mountainsides in the city. Permanent settlement developed around the various springs in the area and property values were based on the proximity to the springs. Wealthiest settlers located shut to the springs. Twelve of the springs in the district are noted by structures and or landscaping features such as Crescent Bound that features an elaborate Victorian era gazebo, or Grotto Bound with its stairway to a grotto congenital into the hillside.
The final decades of the 19Ih century through 191 0 was a the of immense growth in the city of Eureka Springs equally thousands of people visited the resort boondocks nationally famous for its waters at were said to renew health and strength. Elaborate buildings in the architectural styles pop during the Victorian era were constructed at record rate in this menstruation from 1880 to 1 910. Public improvements included gas lighting for city streets jn 1885 and, a urban center municipal water system in ane AR estimated sixty,000 cubic yards of native limestone was used to construct walls, sidewalks, and public stairways leading from steep hills to other steep hills in the 1 880s and 1890s.~ Virtually of these features even so exist, including 10 flights of public steps in the historic district leading from 1 street to the adjacent. Of item note is the stairway chosen "Jacob's Ladder" which begins on Jackson Street and comes out on Copper Street, containing more than two hundred steps and connecting three streets. Local bricklayer C. A. Stillions initials are seen on the historic physical benches at Crescent Springs and Sugariness Spring.
The "Celebrated Imp", or the erstwhile Highway 62 business concern route was paved in concrete in the 1920s- This original concrete street winds through the district, combining with celebrated sidewalks and walls. The overall appearance of the Eureka Historic Commune is greatly enhanced by the use of color on its Frame buildings. Color is an important feature used to highlight the Victorian village character of the commune.
Development by Period
1870s
Although iv major fires prior to the 1890s destroyed many of the early frame structures that had been hastily synthetic, there are iii extant houses in the Eureka Springs Historic District dating from the 1870s. Congenital in 1878, the business firm at 10 Magnolia is located on due north steep hillside overlooking a deep ravine. J3 is two-story frame business firm features little ornamentation in its elementary design. The Eichor House at 14 Breeding was built in 1879 and is the district's oldest extant 2nd Empire style. The third edifice remaining from
the 1 870s is located at 124 Leap Street. Although the house was 'built in 1 874 and is thought to be the oldest extant building in the district, it has been extensively altered ad does not reverberate its original historic appearance.
1880s
The 1880s in Eureka Springs were marked by several disastrous fires that destroyed most of the city'southward wooden buildings. 70-two buildings constructed in the 1880s remain in the historic district. Largely equally a result of the efforts of the Eureka Springs Comeback Visitor, formed in 1882 for the purpose of improving the living surround of Eureka Springs, the buildings synthetic in this era were substantial. It was during this period that near of the metropolis's infrastructure, including stone walks and walk, were put into
identify, providing more than stability to the hillsides. Many of the buildings remaining hm the 1880s are of stone construction and the frame buildings are almost all situated on sturdy stone foundations.
1890s
Representing the overall character sf the Eureka Springs Celebrated District, the 1 90 houses and buildings constructed in the 1890s feature characteristics of loftier styles of the Victorian era, 2nd Empire, Romanesque and Queen Anne. The influence of the Queen Anne and Second Empire styles is seen mostly on houses in the district, while the architecture of the historic commercial buildings heavily incorporates details of the Italianaate and Romanesque styles into their designs.
1960-1921s
Continuing to be a pop health resort, the turn of the century saw steady growth, parallel to that of the 1 890s. There axe 120 buildings in the celebrated district that were constructed in the years between 1900 and 1910. Another 50 buildings in the commune had been constructed by 1920. By that year 45% of all of the buildings in the Eureka Springs Historic District had been synthetic.
1920
Although the economy of Eureka Springs suffered a loss of visitors afterwards the Federal Authorities began regulating medicines, opening of an automobile path into Eureka Springs in 1920 brought a new type of visitor, the motorist. Many of the seven-vi buildings in the district that were constructed in these two decades chronicle to the automobile tourist such as the early tourist cabins, and filling stations.
1950-1970
The 1950s saw a renewed interest in Eureka Springs equally the family holiday via automobile became a pop activity and related development on Highway 62 took place. The largest menstruation of path in Eureka Springs since its heyday from 1.880 to 191 0 occurred in the 1960s. Development of a large recreational lake nearby, promotion of the spectacular scenery of the ozark Mountains and the structure in 1968 of a seven-story figure of Jesus known every bit "Christ of the Ozarks' and its accompany site with daily alive performances of the Great Passion Play, spurred a large and diverse tourist market in this period of the district'south history. The city enjoyed a connected renewal as a tourist attraction equally more than and more people discovered the small Victorian city built In varying odd situations on steep hillsides. Beginning in the 1960s a new generation of artists moved to Eureka Springs and recognition of the historic significance of the city"
The majority (87%) of the 967 properties in the Eureka Springs Celebrated District were built every bit residences. The historic commune contains 10 1 commercial buildings, twelve churches, five public buildings and fifteen springs with varying types of features such as gazebos, grottos, and elaborate landscaping.
When Was Eureka Springs Listed On The National Register Of Historic Places?,
Source: https://www.traveleurekasprings.com/history-of-eureka-springs/
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